Revolt of Velu Thampi & Paliath Achan

 VeluThampi was the Dalawa of Travancore
 Velu Thampi was appointed as Mulakumadiseela
Karyakkar (Commercial minister in 1799 by
Balaramavarma)
 In 1800 he became the Dalawa.
 Velu Thampi introduced travelling courts in
Travancore.
 On 11 January 1809 (1st Makaram 984) issued the
famous Kundara Proclamation indicting the British
rule and exhorting the people to rally under his
banner for a patriotic struggle against the foreigners.
 He organised the Hajoor Kachery at Kollam.
 Velu Thampi committed suicide in the house of the
Potti of the Bhagavati temple at Mannadi.
 His relatives were deported to Maldives.
 The oldest male member of the Paliyam family was
the hereditary Diwan of Cochin Raja.
 Paliyat Achan revolted against the British in collaboration
with Velu Thampi. But he was finally
defeated and deported to Madras. Cochin became
a subsidiary state of the British in 1809.
 The Kurichyas and Kurumbas of Wynad rose in
revolt against the British in 1812.
 Kurichya Revolt was the last of the early revolts
broke out in Malabar against the British supremacy.

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years in kerala history

Attingal Rebellion .......................... 1721
 Kulachal Battle ............................... 1741
 Kundara Proclamation .................... 1809
 Kurichyar Rebellion ....................... 1812
 Channar Lahala .............................. 1859
 Malayali Memorial (Travancore) ..... 1891
 Ezhava Memorial ............................ 1896
 Mopla Rebellion, Wagon Tragedy .. 1921
 Vaikkom Satyagraha ....................... 1924
 Civil Disobedience Movement ........ 1930
 Guruvayoor Satyagraha .................. 1931
 Nivarthana Agitation ...................... 1932
 Temple Entry Proclamation ............. 1936
 State Congress Movement ............. 1938
 Kayyur Rebellion ........................... 1941
 Punnapra Vayalar Rebellion ............ 1946
 Formation of Kerala State ............... 1956
 Liberation Movement ..................... 1959

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Enlightened Administration in Travancore

 After the death of Dharmaraja, Balarama Varma
came to the throne.
 He appointed Velu Thampi as his commerce minister
and then the Dalawa.
 Ummini Thampi became the new Dalawa after Velu
Thampi.
 The weaver’s township of Balaramapuram was created
by Ummini Thampi.
 Resident Col. Monro was appointed as the first
English Diwan in Travancore
 The Secretariat System was introduced in
Travancore by Col. Munro.
 Col.Munro changed the Karyakkar position to
Tahsildar.
 The direct management of Devaswams by Govt
was introduced by Col. Monro.
 In 1812 Rani Gauri Lakshmi Bai abolished slavery
in Travancore.
 The London Mission Society (LMS) at Nagercoil
established in 1816 under the patronage of Gauri
Parvati Bai.
 The reign of Swathi Thirunal (1829-1847) was the
Golden Age in the history of Travancore.
 Swathi Thirunal was known as ‘Garbhasreeman’
 Sucheendram Kaimukku was also abolished by
Swathi Thirunal.
 He shifted Hajoor Kachery from Quilon to
Trivandrum.
 He introduced English Education in Trivandrum.
 Sir C.P. Ramaswami Ayyar was the Diwan of Sri
Chitira Thirunal.
 An English School was opened at TVM in 1834
Raja’s Free School.
 Swathi Thirunal opened the Trivandrum Observatory
in 1836.
 He introduced the first charity hospital at TVM.
 He set up the Department of Engineering, Irrigation
and Maramathu Department for the first time.
 First census of the state was conducted in 1836 by
Swathi Thirunal.
 Utram Tirunal Marthanda Varma abolished all restrictions
in regard to the covering of their upper parts by
a Channar women in South Travancore in 1859.
 First Post-Office in Travancore (also of Kerala) was
opened at Alleppey during the reign of Utram
Thirunal Marthanda Varma in 1857.
 First modern factory for the manufacture of coir
was also opened at Alleppey (1859) during the period
of Utram Thirunal Marthanda Varma.
 Beginning of Agrarian Reforms in Travancore was
during the period of Ayilyam Thirunal
 The Pandarapattam Proclamation (1865) and the
Janmi-Kudiyan Proclamation (1867) for agrarian
reforms were during the period of Ayilyam Thirunal.
 Trivandrum Museum building and the main building
of Trivandrum University College were constructed
during the reign of Ayilyam Thirunal.
 The first systematic census of Travancore was
taken on May 18, 1875 by Ayilyam Thirunal.
 Ayilyam Thirunal was also the first Raja of
Travancore to receive the title ‘Maharaja’ from the
British crown.
 Ayurveda College was started during the period
of Sri Mulam Thirunal (1885-1924)
 Sri Mulam Tirunal formulated a Legislative Council
in 1888. This was the first Legislative Council
in an Indian State.
 The Sri Mulam Popular Assembly (Praja Sabha)
was formed in 1904 by Sri Mulam Thirunal.
 Devadasi System in the temples of South
Travancore was abolished during the regency of
Setu Lekshmi Bai.
 Sri Chitira Thirunal Balarama Varma (1931-
1949) was the last ruling Raja of Travancore.
 Establishment of Travancore University (1937) was
the significant achievements of Sri Chitira
Thirunal.
 Travancore Rubber Works (Trivandrum) Kundara
Ceramic Factory, Punalur Plywood Factory and Fertilizers
and Chemicals Travancore Limited (Elur) were
started during the period of Sri Chithira Tirunal.
 The execution of the Pallivasal Hydroelectric
Scheme and the introduction of State Transport
Services were also done by Sri Chithira Thirunal.
 A Public Service Commission was appointed in 1935
in order to ensure fair representation for all communities
in appointments to Government service on
the basis of a system of communal rotation.

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Malabar Rebellion

 The Malabar Rebellion was in 1921
 The attempted arrest of Vadakkeveetil
Muhammed, the Secretary of the Khilafat Committee
at Pukottur in Eranadu Taluk, led to a series of
violent clashes between the police and the
Mappilas in the Eranadu and Valluvanadu Taluks.
 Variyankunnathu Kunjahammad Haji, Koya Tangal
and Ali Musaliyar were the famous leaders of the
revolt.
 One of the tragic episodes of the rebellion was the
‘Wagon Tragedy’ in which 61 of 90 Mappilas carried
as prisoners in a closed railway goods wagon
from Tirur, to Coimbatore on November 10, 1921
died of suffocation.

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Political Movements in Travancore and Cochin

 The Malayali Memorial was submitted to the Maharaja
on January 1, 1891 against the appointment
of Tamil Brahmins in Government Service.
 The Malayali Memorial was signed by 10,028 persons.
 The brain behind the Malayali Memorial was
Barister G.P.Pillai and K.P. Sankaramenon.
 The Ezhava Memorial was submitted on 3rd September
1896, signed by 13,176 members of the Ezhava
community under the leadership of Dr. Palpu.
 The Ezhava Memorial requested the Maharaja to
confer on the Ezhavas the same rights and privileges
which were being enjoyed by those of their
caste who had become converts to Christianity.
 Swadeshabhimani K. Ramakrishna Pillai was the
first to write the biography of KarlMarx in
Malayalam.
 K. Ramakrishna Pillai, the editor of the ‘‘Swadesha
bhimani’’ owned by Vakkom Abdul Khadir Maulavi
published a series of articles criticising the Diwan
P. Rajagopalachari and the king Sri Mulam Thirunal.
 K. Ramakrishna Pillai was deported from the State
in September 1910, he died at Cannanore in April
1916.
 The objective of the Poura Samatvavada
Prakshobhanam was the achievement of civic
rights.
 The agitation was carried on by the Avarnas of the
Hindu community, the Muslims and the Christians
as they were denied appointments to the Land Revenue
Department.
 Indian National Congress started its activities in
Travancore during the reign of Sri Mulam Thirunal.
 The agitation known as Nivarthana (Abstention)
Movement was started as a protest against the constitutional
reforms of 1932.
 The Travancore State Congress was formed in September
1938.
 Pattom Thanu Pillai was the first President of
Travancore State Congress.
 The September 1946 there occurred the Punnapra
Vayalar Upheaval against the ‘American Model’ irremovable
executive.
 The American Model was proposed by Sir C. P.
Ramaswami Ayyar.
 The‘‘Electricity Agitation’’ was organised against
the privatisation of electric supply in Cochin town
by Diwan R.K. Shanmukham Chetti (1936).
 E. Ikkanda Warrier of Congress became the first
Chief Minister of Cochin. During his tenure the
new state of Travancore - Cochin came into existence
on 1 July 1949.
 First popular ministry of Travancore headed by
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai was installed in office on
March 24, 1948.

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Aikya Kerala Movement

 The State Peoples Conference held at Ernakulam
(1928) was the earliest resolution on the subject of
united Kerala.
 The Payyannur Political Conference held in May
1928 under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru also
supported the Aikya Kerala Movement.
 An Aikya Kerala Conference was held at Trichur
in April 1947 under the presidentship of K.
Kelappan.
 The Cochin Maharaja Sri Kerala Varma proposed
the idea of uniting Cochin and Travancore.
 On July 1, 1949 the State of Travancore Cochin
came into existence. The Maharaja of Travancore
became the Rajapramukh of the New State.
 Panampalli Govinda Menon was the last Chief Minister
of Travancore Cochin State. The fall of his
ministry was followed by the first spell of
President’s Rule in Kerala.
 The first popular ministry in Travancore Cochin
was headed by T.K. Narayana Pillai, the Chief Minister
of Travancore, at the time of the integration.
 The state of Kerala formally came into existence or
November 1, 1956.
 The first general elections to the Kerala state Legislature
were held in February and March 1957.
 Communist Ministry under the chiefministership
of E.M.S. Namboothiripad came to power.
 The agitation known as ‘‘Vimochana Samaram’’
or ‘Liberation struggle’ began on June 12, 1959
under the leadership of Mannathu Padmanabhan
to overthrow the Communist Ministry.
 The Ministry collapsed and the President’s rule
under the Article 356, for the first time began on
31st July 1959.

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Sree Narayana Guru

 Sree Narayana Guru was born at Chempazhanthy
in Trivandrum district on 20 August 1854
(Vayalvarathu Veedu)
 He is known as the Father of Kerala Renaissance.
 The parents of Sree Narayana Guru were
Madanasan and Kuttiyamma.
 He met Chattampi Swamikal at the Aniyur temple
near Chempazhanthy.
 His famous Aruvippuram Consecration (Siva) was
in the year 1888.
 S.N.D.P Yogam was founded in 1903 and Guru became
the life time President and Kumaranasan as
Secretary.
 The Vavoottuyogam started at Aruvippuram is considered
as the predecessor of S.N.D.P. Yogam.
 Guru founded the Sarada temple at Varkala in 1915
(1087 KE) and the Advaitasrama at Aluva on the
banks of Periyar.
 He gave the message ‘‘One caste, One Religion,
One God for Man’’ at a conference held at the
Advaitasrama.
 ‘Atmopadesha Satakam’’, ‘‘Nirvriti Panchakam’’,
‘‘Da r s a n ama l a ’’ , ‘ J a t ime emams a ’ ,
‘Ardhanareeswara Sthothram’ etc are the major
works of Guru.
 Dr. Palpu was responsible for the connection between
Guru and Swami Vivekananda.
 The famous Sivagiri pilgrim festival conducted on
December 30, 31 and January 1 was started by
Guru.
 Tagore visited Guru in 1922.
 Gandhiji visited Guru at Sivagiri in 1925.
 Sri Narayana Guru died on 20 September 1928 (1104
Kanni 5) at Sivagiri.

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Ayyankali (1863-1941)

 Ayyankali was born in 1863 at Venganore in
Trivandrum district.
 In 1905 he founded the Sadhujana Paripalana
Sangham, which later became Pulaya Mahasabha.
 He was nominated to the Sreemoolam Prajasabha
in 1910 and remained in office for 25 years.
 He died at the Age of 77 on 18 June 1941.
 Gandhiji visited Ayyankali in 1934 and called him
‘Pulaya Raja’.

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Chattampi Swamikal (1853 - 1924)

 He was a Nair reformist.
 He was born in Kannammoola in Thiruvanan
thapuram district.
 His real name was Kunjan Pillai.
 Pracheena Malayalam, ‘‘Vedaddikara Nirupanam’
‘‘Advaita Chinta Paddhathi’’ ‘Vedanta Saram’’ etc
are his famous works.
 He was against untouchability, subcaste barriers
and against the observances of practices as
Talikettu Kalyanam, Tirandukuli etc.
 He attained Samadhi at Panmana in Kollam district.
 Chattampi Swami Memorial is situated at Panmana.

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Sahodaran Ayyapan (1890-1968)

 He gave the revolutionary message - ‘‘No Caste,
No Religion, No God for Man’’
 He was born in Cherayi near Cochin.
 He founded the Vidhya Poshini Sabha.
 In 1917 he started the a movement for interdining
and founded the ‘‘Sahodara sangham’’.
 ‘’Sahodaran’’ was a paper started by Sahodaran
Ayyappan.

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Swadeshabhimani

Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai (1878-1916)
 He was born at Neyyattinkara in Thirruvana
nthapuram.
 He was the editor of ‘Malayali’ published from
Kollam.
 In 1906 he became the editor of Swadeshabhimani.
 He was deported from Kerala for criticising the government
in 1910.
 ‘Karl Marx’, ‘‘Kerala Bhasholpathy’ ‘‘Benjamin
Franklin’’ Mohandas Gandhi, ‘‘Socrates’,
‘‘Dharmaraja Nirupanam’ are his famous works.
 ‘‘Ente Nadukadathal’’ is his autobiography.
 He died on 28 March 1916 at Kannur.
 His memorial is situated at Payyampalam in Kannur.

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Channar Revolt

 Channar Revolt was for the right of Channar
women to cover their breast like other upper class
women.
 The agitation led to the Royal Proclamation of July
26, 1859 by Uthradam Thirunal Maharaja.
 ‘The Channar Agitation’, proclamation (1859)
made by Uthradam Thirunal of Travancore helped
to end.

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Vaikkom Sathyagraha

 The Vaikkom Sathyagraha was started on 30 March
1924.
 It was against untouchability and for the right to
use the road before the Vaikkom temple by untouchables.
 T.K. Madhavan, K.P. Keshavamenon etc were the
major leaders.
 Supporting the Sathyagraha a ‘Savarnajatha (March
of upper castes) was led by Mannath Padmanabhan
from Vaikkom to Thiruvananthapuram.
 The Sathyagraha ended on 23 November 1925.
 Gandhiji visited Kerala for the Second time related
to the Sathyagraha.
 The Sathyagraha lasted for 20 months.
 The approach roads to the temple were formally
opened to all Hindus, irrespective of caste.
 The proclamation of 1853 June 24 was a milestone in
Emancipation of slavery.

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Yachana Yathra and Pattini Jatha

 Yachana Yathra was led by V.T. Bhattathirippadu
in 1931 from Trichur to Chandragiri river which
lasted for seven days.
 Aim of this begging march was to enable the poor
children to get educated.
 Pattini Jatha’ was led by A.K. Gopalan in July
1936 from Kannur to Chennai. There were 32 persons
in the March.

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Guruvayur Sathyagraha

 Aim was to enable all sections of Hindus to enter
temples.
 Sathyagraha was started on 1. November 1931.
 September 25 was earlier observed as Temple Entry
Day in Malabar.
 K. Kelappan & A.K. Gopalan were famous leaders.
 By 1928 approach roads to all temples were thrown
open to all Hindus irrespective of caste, in the whole
of Travancore.
 Temple Entry Proclamation was issued on November
12, 1936 by Sri Chitira Tirunal Balarama Varma.
 Gandhiji hailed it as “a miracle of modern times”
and “a smriti which is the people’s charter of spiritual
emancipation”.
 ‘Krishnageethi’ is the book of Manavedan
Zamudiri famous for Krishnanattom.

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Administration of Kerala

 Total 13 General Elections were conducted in Kerala.
 Present Legislative Assembly is the 12th
 V.S. Achuthanandan, is the 20th Chief Minister
of Kerala and 11th person to become the Chief
Minister.
 C. Achuthamenon, K. Karunakaran and E.K.
Nayanar are the three Chief Minister who completed
the term of five years.
 K. Karunakaran became the Chief Minister for the
maximum number of times (4)
 E.K. Nayanar ruled for the longest term and C.H.
Muhamed Koya for the shortest term.
 The credit of remaining in power for longest continuous
term goes to C. Achutha Menon.
 Non Malayali Brahmins is the Diwan of
Travancore from 1817 were.
 K. Karunakaran Ministry of 1997 which lasted for
only 33 days has the shortest term in office.
 The credit to become the opposition leader for the
longest period goes to E.M.S.
 C. Achuthamenon was the first Chief Minister who
completed the term of five years.
? Arrange the following in the correct chronological
order.
1. The Abstention movement
2. Malayali memorial
3. A Resolution for the division of the Devaswom
and Revenue department in the Travancore Legislative
Assembly
4. Sree Moolam Thirunal created the Sreemoolam
Council.
Ans - IV, II, III, I
 K. Karunakaran was the first congress chief minister
who completed the term.
 V.S. Achuthanandan is the oldest person to become
the Chief Minister (83).
 Kakkinada session is the Congress Session
which passed the Abolition of Untouchability
(Ayithochadanam) resolution
 Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai is the leader
of the Savarna Hindu who requested the Ezhavas
not to join christianity.
 A.K. Antony was the youngest Chief Minister (37)
 First Chief Minister of Kerala born in the 19th century
was Pattom A. Thanu Pillai.
 The united political council submitted a memorandum
1934 Jan to the Govt. demanding sufficient
seats to the Backward Communities in Government
service under the leadership of C. Kesavan.
 First Chief Minister of Kerala who had lost power
through article 356 - E.M.S. Namboothiripad.
 Only person to head the Ministries of Travancore,
Thiru-Cochi and Kerala – Pattom A. Thanu Pillai.
 T M Varghese became the Deputy president of the
Legislative Assembly 1937.
 Only person to hold the office of MLA, MP,
Speaker, Minister, Deputy Chief Minister and Chief
Minister - C.H. Muhammad Koya.
 First Chief Minister from a backward community
was R. Sankar.
 C.H. Muhammed Koya is the only Chief Minister
from Muslim Community.
 R. Sankar was the first to become Chief Minister
after holding the position of Deputy Chief Minister.
 R. Sankar was the first Congress Chief Minister .
 First to become Chief Minister after holding the post
of Speaker - C.H. Muhammed Koya.
 Only Chief Minister of Kerala who later became the
Governor of an Indian State - Pattom A. Thanu Pillai.
 First to become Central Cabinet Minister after becoming
Chief Minister - A.K. Antony
 Only Chief Minister who later became Deputy
Chief Minister - C.H. Muhammed Koya
 First Rajya Sabha member to become Kerala Chief
Minister - C.Achuthamenon
 First to become Rajyasabha Member after becoming
Chief Minister - A.K. Antony
 L.M. Pyli of Cochin Legislative Assembly was the
first elected Speaker in India (1947).
 At the time of the Integration of Travancore and
Cochin T.K. Narayana Pillai was the Chief Minister
of Travancore.
 First Communist to be elected to a Legislative
Assembly was K. Ananthan Nambiyar. He was
elected to Madras Legislative Assembly in 1946.
 Electronic Voting Machine was used for the first
time in India in Kerala (Paravur Byelection 1982)
 First Minister in Kerala to resign followed by noconfidence
motion was Dr. A.R. Menon (1942) of
Cochin State.
 The credit to become the Minister for the longest
period goes to K.M. Mani and M.P Virendra Kumar
for the shortest period.
 The Assembly which had the longest term - 4th
Kerala Legislative Assembly.
 The Assembly which had the shortest period - 6th
Kerala Assembly (1980-1982)
 Vakkom Purushothaman became the speaker for
the longest period: and A.C. Jose for the shortest
term (February-June 1982).
 The first Speaker who completed the term of five
years - M. Vijayakumar.
 Kerala came under President Rule for the Ist time
on July 31, 1959.
OTHER FACTS
 Churni river mentioned in Kautilya’s Arthasasthra
is river Periyar.
 `Hieun Tsang visited Kerala in AD 630.
 The Chinese traveller who visited Kerala in 1409
was Mahuan.
 The city of Calicut was established in 1295.
 Sree Narayana Guru is hailed as the Father of
Modern Kerala Renaissance.
 Mamamkam one of the greatest regional festivals
of Kerala was started by Kulashekharas. The first
Mamamkam was held in 829 AD. Mamamkam was
held on the banks Bharathapuzha in Thirunavaya
in Malappuram district. From the Kulashekharas
the proprietory right of Mamamkam passed to the
Valluvanadu Raja and then to the Calicut Zamorine.
The last Mamamkam was held in 1755.
 The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama is a
book written by Sanjay Subramanyan.
 Revathi Pattathanam was conducted at the Taliyil
temple in Calicut.
 Valmiki Ramayanam was translated to Malayalam
for the first time by Kottayam Keralavarma in 1645.
 Temple Entry Proclamation is known as the
Magnacarta of Kerala.
 The Proclamation of Independent Travancore was
made by Sir. C.P. Ramaswami Aiyer.
 The first railway line in Kerala was opened for traffic on
March 12, 1861 between Beypore and Tirur.
 The first railway line in Travancore was inaugurated
on November 26, 1904 between Thirunelveli
and Kollam.
 Travancore Muslim Mahajanasabha was founded
by Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi.
 Thiruvananthapuram General Hospital was started
in 1864 during the reign of Ayilyam Thirunal.
 Present Kerala Secretariat building was built in 1869.
 Herman Gundert (1814-1893) was the person who
compiled the first Malayalam dictionary. He was a
German. He lived and worked at Illikkunnu in
Thalassery.
 Accama Cherian is popularly known as the Jhansi
of Travancore.
 The Kayyur Riot against caste system and imperialism
was on 28 March 1941 in Kasargode.
? He / she introduced a British Indian model administration
in Travancore. The secretarial system was
introduced. An efficient system of Audit and Accounts
was introduced, designation of the Karyakar
was changed to Tahasildar and deprived his military
and Judicial powers. Slavery was abolished in
Travancore. Who is that?
Ans : Col. Munro
 Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee was formed in
1925 with K. Madhavan as its Secretary. First conference
of the K.P.C.C. was held on 23 April 1921.
 The first trade union in Kerala, the Travancore
Labour Association was set up in 1922.
 Kerala History Museum is located at Edappalli
(Ernakulam).
 The Radio Station in Thiruvananthapuram was set
up in 1943.
 Doordarshan programme started in Kerala on August
14, 1984. Malayalam program were started in
January 1985.
 M. Vijayakumar has the longest term as the Speaker
of Kerala Legislative Assembly.
 R. Sankara Narayanan Thampi was the first Speaker
of Kerala Legislative Assembly.
 State Human Rights Commission was constituted
in 1998 with Justice Pareed Pillai as its Chairman.
Justice N. Dinakar is the present chairman of State
Human Rights Commission.
 People’s Plan Compaign was inaugurated on August
17, 1996.

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